Having a life with less stuff and more experiences is a big driver of the tiny house movement.
by
Cat Johnson
This piece originally appeared at Shareable.

-
LaMar Alexander grew up in a homesteading family. For him,
self-sufficiency, including gardening, raising animals and “doing for
ourselves” was normal and necessary. He tried city life after
college, but says he felt like a slave to a house, bills and employers.
At 35, he made a change.
“I had a wake up call,” he explains, “that made me realize that what I
really wanted was a simple homestead cabin and to eliminate my
dependence on the system, so I could live sustainably while I
pursued my dreams.”
Tiny house living is a good way to reduce
your ecological footprint, save money, and simplify life down to the
things that truly matter.
So Alexander built a house. A very small, 14 ft. x 14 ft. house. A
solar and wind powered off-the-grid cabin with a kitchen, bathroom and
living room downstairs and a bedroom and office upstairs. It cost
him $2,000 to build not including the recycled doors and windows, the
front porch, and the solar system.
Being an avid outdoorsman, Alexander didn’t need a lot of indoor
space, but as an author, videographer, and off-the-grid builder, he did
need modern amenities including a cell phone, Internet access,
electric lights, indoor toilet, and shower etc., and he has them.
Alexander says his tiny house is easy to clean, cheap to heat and
cool, and he has no house payments or monthly utility bills.
“I now have the freedom to pursue my dreams,” he says, “and the money
I make stays in my pocket and can be used for vacations or to help my
family and for a secure retirement. That is the freedom that an
off-grid lifestyle makes possible.”
Alexander is part of a
growing movement of tiny housers. The
options for going tiny are growing. In fact, tiny house villages are even being tested as
solutions to homelessness.
Within the tiny house movement, there's a contingent who are taking the
simplicity, sustainability and freedom of tiny houses to the next
level by building their tiny homes off the power grid.
Shareable connected with four experienced, off-the-grid tiny housers
to find out how they made the move to living off-the-grid in a tiny
house; what challenges they face; how they handle practical matters
like electrical, sewage and water; what someone considering off-the-grid
living should know; and the benefits of living tiny and
off-the-grid.
Contributing to the conversation are Laura LaVoie, who, along with
her partner Matt, built an off-the-grid tiny house in the mountains of
North Carolina. She also authored the book
120 Ideas for Tiny Living and blogs about tiny house living at
Life in 120 Square Feet;
Merete Mueller who, along with her partner Christopher, built a 130
square foot, off-the-grid tiny house and documented the experience in
the film
Tiny: a Story About Living Small; and Alexander, who has produced several books and
videos about going off-the-grid, and writes about off-the-grid living at
Simple Solar Homesteading.
Benefits, challenges, and legalities
Tiny house, off-the-grid living is a good way to reduce your
ecological footprint, save money—"Our bills for energy and water are
zero dollars,” explains LaVoie—and simplify life down to the things
that truly matter.
"People survived and thrived just fine before electricity came along and still can if you are willing to do things by hand."
“One benefit to tiny house living,” says Mueller, “is that it frees
up the money, time and energy that would otherwise be spent on
maintaining a house and rent or a mortgage, to be used on other
things, like working on creative projects, starting a business, spending
time with friends and family, or on other hobbies that bring a lot
of satisfaction to one's life.”
She points out that with tiny house, off-the-grid living, the drawbacks can be the same as the benefits.
“One obvious challenge is a minimal amount of space inside,” she
says, “But one benefit related to that is being forced to spend more
time outside, and being forced to simplify possessions and think
about which things matter most.”
Emptying the composting toilet, hauling water and the other
“challenges” that come with tiny, off-the-grid living were, for Mueller,
part of the allure. “We wanted to know and understand,” she says,
“exactly how much water we were consuming.”
Alexander says that the biggest challenges involve government
regulations and “burdensome codes.” He also mentions outside
interference from neighbors and businesses in the area, securing an
adequate water supply, and, if you live in a rural area, isolation and
making money in a rural economy.
Regarding zoning issues, all three recommend talking with local
authorities as regulations are different in different counties, towns,
and even neighborhoods. Mueller suggests calling your local town
office to ask questions before making any long-term plans. She also
advises getting to know your neighbors.
“In many places with restrictions, those rules will only apply if the
neighbors choose to report you or are somehow offended by your
situation,” she explains. “So getting to know your neighbors early
on, explaining to them your motivations for choosing this lifestyle, and
how all of your utilities work, can help to avoid that from
happening.” She adds, “It's good to develop allies early on.”
Generally, the closer you are to a city the more rules there are to
follow. Because of this, off-the-gridders often choose to live in rural
areas in counties that want to increase their tax base and may be
more open to alternative structures. Alexander lists Colorado, Oklahoma,
Alaska, Wyoming, Arkansas, and Missouri as some of the states that
promote off-the-grid living.
Taking a tiny house off-the-grid
There’s a direct relationship between tiny houses and off-the-grid
living. Having a life with less stuff and more experiences is a big
driver of the tiny house movement. Going off-the-grid allows tiny
house dwellers to take that simplicity even further.
For LaVoie, the connection between tiny houses and off-the-grid living is one of personal preference.
“The beauty of the tiny house movement is that there isn’t a
one-size-fits-all solution for everyone who wants to go tiny,” she says.
“With the right resources someone can be connected to the grid if
they want to. Otherwise, the smaller the house the less energy it needs
to run efficiently, so off-grid systems are an easy match.”
Mueller points out that there’s a DIY element that connects the tiny house and off-the-grid movements.
“Not everyone builds their own tiny house, but certainly a very high
percentage of people do,” she says. “This means that people living in
tiny houses have a greater understanding of how their homes and
their utilities work, which is conducive to off-grid living. Tiny
housers often like the idea of being self-sufficient and
environmentally sustainable, and it's certainly much easier to heat and
power a tiny house through off-grid methods than a larger, more
traditional house.”
She adds that because many tiny houses are built on wheels—a
necessity to bypass building codes—they can't use traditional utilities
(a septic system for example), so off-grid methods are often used
even if the house is parked in a location with access to the grid.
How much does it cost?
The consensus on how much a tiny, off-the-grid house costs is: it
depends. Variables include whether you build the house yourself; how you
choose to heat it; how much you spend on off-the-grid energy
sources; whether you want to go super-simple or have a luxurious,
off-the-grid tiny house. Here’s what LaVoie, Mueller and Alexander
had to say about building their tiny houses:
"I think it is especially important for everyone to recognize that there isn't one right way to live simply or off-grid."
LaVoie: We worked with an online company called the Alt-E store and
put together a solar power package that was exactly what we wanted. It
included two 245 watt panels, a 45 amp charge controller, and three
110 amp hour AGM batteries. We also use an 1800 watt inverter that we
already owned. We were able to purchase all of this for around
$2,000. The only other investment we made for our off-the-grid lifestyle
was our Berkey water filter which cost around $300.
It costs us $0 a month for electricity, heat, and water in our tiny
house. There are, of course some other minor costs but paying nothing
for energy helps to offset those. For instance, since I work for
myself I pay for my own health insurance. We, of course, have phone and
internet bills. There is some small cost for fuel like propane and
butane but it is really less than about $20 a month.
Mueller: [The cost] completely depends, but in our case when our tiny
house was parked in an off-grid location, we only had to purchase a
small propane tank once every few months for heating and we
purchased water, which we hauled up in large jugs. Our solar system is a
pre-made unit called a Sol Man (manufactured by a company called
Sol-Solutions) and cost about $5,000. It cost us about $26,000 to build
our tiny house, but people have built similar tiny houses for much
more and much less, depending on how they were sourcing their materials
and the amount of building experience they have.
Alexander: That all depends on what lifestyle the person wants. You
can be a minimalist and go without any electricity using wood stoves or
propane for heat and candles and lanterns for light, and a basic
yurt, cabin or other house style. Or, you can build a very high-tech
green home with the latest Leed's sustainability guidelines, which
can be very expensive.
Older homes can be remodeled for off-the-grid efficiency or there are
many small off-grid cabin designs like mine that people can use and
modify to fit their needs. The style of the house may be modest or
expensive depending on what you want.
My cabin cost under $2,000 to build and about $5,000 for the off-grid
system and I believe a smaller off-grid home under 400 square feet that
is very efficient and also nice and comfortable to live in can be
built for under $20,000, and much less if people are using recycled
materials and doing the work themselves. Land, water and a power
system are not included in that figure because they vary greatly
depending on your needs, the area, and where you want to live.
Options for generating electricity
One option for electricity is to go without. Alexander explains that
one quarter of the world’s homes do not have a grid electricity
connection.
“People survived and thrived just fine before electricity came
along,” he says, “and still can if you are willing to do things by hand
and go without much of the entertainment that people think they need
to survive.”
If going without is not an option, there are several options for
generating electricity for an off-the-grid house, but solar is the most
affordable. At approximately $1 per watt you can have an inexpensive
system for basic power needs for under $5,000. Solar also works in
cloudy conditions and snowy areas.
Wind is another option, but wind turbines are expensive and only work
when the wind blows. If you have access to a river or stream, you could
look into hydro power for generating some of your electricity.
Both Alexander and LaVoie advise doing a lot of research before you
invest in anything. LaVoie recommends getting an energy meter before
making any decisions to figure out what your electrical needs are.
Alexander says the best tip he can give is to first study how you can
greatly reduce your power consumption using more efficient
appliances and non-power using appliances.
“Heat, cooling and refrigeration are the main power consumers in any
house,” he explains, “so off-grid houses use wood stoves, propane heat,
fans, passive cooling and alternative power fridges to take those
appliances out of the system. Once you eliminate those appliances from
your power needs,” he continues, “you can use a very small solar
system for everything else.”
Alexander’s current system is 580 watts solar, a 400 watt wind
turbine, and propane for heating and cooking with a wood stove back-up.
He does passive cooling with fans, porches, overhangs and trees, and
refrigeration is done using a converted freezer run off solar.
How to get water
Finding a water source is one of those things that you’re going to
want to research before you buy land. Most counties require an approved
source such as a city water connection, a professionally drilled
well, or a cistern tank with a delivery system. Drilling a well can be
expensive, so find out what your options are. Hand-drilled, shallow
wells and rainwater catchment can be used for agricultural purposes, but
these generally don’t meet county codes.
Alexander, who has a hand-drilled well and a 300 foot deep Artesian
well, warns that if you’re using rainwater to supplement household
usage, it must be filtered and treated to make it safe for
consumption. He explains that giardia is a “real problem” with rain
water but it is safe for washing clothes and flushing toilets.
LaVoie counts herself lucky that the land they bought has a running
spring. She adds that you can also purchase water, but cautions that the
costs begins to add up. She says that the thing that she is the
most proud of is their conservation of water.
“The average American household can use over 200 gallons of water a
day depending on the number of people in the home,” she says. “In our
tiny house, Matt and I use a total of five gallons a day, not
including drinking water. We have an air pressurized shower sprayer that
holds two gallons of hot water and is plenty to ensure that we are
clean.” She adds that one of the biggest culprits for water use in a
traditional household is flushing the toilet.
The lowdown on the toilet
Outhouses are a proven solution for dealing with human excrement, but
composting toilets offer a solution that can be brought indoors, have
all the comforts of the modern toilet, and are allowed in many rural
areas. Another solution is a conventional septic tank or, where
allowed, a leach pond.
Alexander and LaVoie both recommend the book
The Humanure Handbook: a Guide to Composting Human Manure
by Joseph C. Jenkins for getting the facts about all things poop.
LaVoie uses a dry composting, sawdust toilet that she describes as “easy
to manage.” She adds that there are commercially available composting
systems, but they can get pricey. Alexander designed and built a
solar enhanced composting toilet that keeps the microbes at a higher
temperature so they work faster to compost the waste.
“If you eliminate gray water from your tank,” he says, “you do not
need a leach field and there is nothing left over but some dry composted
material when the process is complete.” The plans for his toilet
are in his book
Off the Grid.
How to handle garbage, recycling, mail, internet
Another question that arises is, if you’re off-the-grid, how do you
deal with details such as garbage, recycling, mail and internet. The
consensus here is to use the local dump for garbage and recycling
and set up a P.O. box or a mailbox at a UPS store if there’s one nearby,
or just use a mailbox on the road.
Having a life with less stuff and more experiences is a big driver of the tiny house movement.
There are other options as well. Most household waste can be
composted or incinerated in rural areas. Alexander explains that most
rural people have an incinerator barrel and what is left over is
hauled off occasionally. He adds that the key is reusing or repurposing
everything possible.
“Everything gets recycled at my place,” he says, “and all wood and
metal is held on to for other projects or sent to the scrap yard for
someone else to use.”
Internet access is available through a cell phone hotspot or a
satellite system. If T.V. is a must-have, satellite T.V. works
everywhere and with Internet access, you can get Netflix, Hulu etc.
The big picture on tiny, off-the-grid living
The big picture takeaway on becoming an off-the-grid tiny houser is
that there are countless possibilities when it comes to building a home
that's right for you. Making the move requires a big, hands-on
commitment, but it’s a lifestyle change that, according to LaVoie, can
be personally fulfilling.
“I think it is especially important for everyone to recognize that
there isn't one right way to live simply or off-grid,” she says. “Tiny
house living shouldn't be viewed as a competition or that someone is
doing it better than anyone else. The most important thing is to live
in a way that is comfortable for you.” She adds, “Always make sure
you enjoy the adventure.”

Cat Johnson wrote this article for
Shareable,
where it originally appeared. Cat is a freelance writer focused on
community, the commons, sharing, collaboration and music. Publications
include Utne Reader, GOOD, Shareable, Triple Pundit, and Lifehacker.
Read more:
Source: http://www.yesmagazine.org/planet/how-to-live-off-the-grid-in-a-tiny-house