Publication Date: April 2009
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This report provides a review of the economics of climate change in the Southeast Asian region. It confirms that the region is highly vulnerable to climate change and demonstrates that a wide range of adaptation measures are already being applied. The report also shows that the region has a great potential to contribute to greenhouse gas emission reduction, and that the costs to the region and globally of taking no early action against climate change could be very high. The basic policy message is that efforts must be made to apply all feasible and economically viable adaptation and mitigation measures as key elements of a sustainable development strategy for Southeast Asia. It also argues that the current global economic crisis offers Southeast Asia an opportunity to start a transition towards a climate-resilient and low-carbon economy by introducing green stimulus programs that can simultaneously shore up economies, create jobs, reduce poverty, lower carbon emissions, and prepare for the worst effects of climate change.
Contents
Cover [PDF: 3,252 kb]
Highlights [PDF: 1,242 kb | 38 pages]
Preface, Foreword, Acknowledgments, Abbreviations and Acronyms, Symbols, Summary of Conclusions [PDF: 341 kb | 28 pages]
Part I Introduction
Chapter 1 Background [PDF: 942 kb | 8 pages]
A. Climate Change—A Global Problem
B. Climate Change in Southeast Asia
C. About This Study
D. Organization of the Report
References
Chapter 2 Regional Circumstances [PDF: 3,127 kb | 12 pages]
A. Introduction
B. Economic and Social Development
C. Land Use and Natural Resources
D. Summary
References
Part II Climate Change, Its Impact and Adaptation
Chapter 3 Climate Change and Its Impact: A Review of Existing Studies [PDF: 832 kb | 41 pages]
A. Introduction
B. Observed and Projected Climate Change in Southeast Asia
C. Observed and Projected Climate Change ImpactWater Resources
Agriculture
Forestry
Coastal and Marine Resources
Human HealthD. Conclusion
References
Chapter 4 Modeling Climate Change and Its Impact [PDF: 1,019 kb | 20 pages]
A. Introduction
B. Projected Global Climate Change
C. Projected Climate Change in Southeast Asia
D. Projected Climate Change Impact in Southeast AsiaWater Resources
Agriculture
Forestry (Ecosystems)
HealthE. Conclusions
References
Chapter 5 Modeling the Economy-wide Impact of Climate Change [PDF: 435 kb | 8 pages]
A. Introduction
B. Model and Scenario Assumptions
C. Modeling Results
D. Conclusions
References
Chapter 6 Climate Change Adaptation Options and Practices [PDF: 1,296 kb | 31 pages]
A. Introduction
B. Building Adaptive Capacity
C. Adaptation Options and Practices in the Water Resources Sector
D. Adaptation Options and Practices in the Agriculture Sector
E. Adaptation Options and Practices in the Forestry Sector
F. Adaptation Options and Practices in the Coastal and Marine Resources Sector
G. Adaptation Options and Practices in the Health Sector
H. Conclusions
References
Part III Climate Change Mitigation
Chapter 7 Climate Change Mitigation Options and Practices [PDF: 546 kb | 32 pages]
A. Introduction
B. Southeast Asia’s GHG Emissions
C. Mitigation Options and PracticesLand Use Change and Forestry
The Energy Sector
The Agriculture SectorAgroforestry, Set-Aside, and Land Use Change
Grassland Management
Peatland Management and Restoration of Organic Soils
Restoration of Degraded Lands
Bioenergy
Livestock Management and Manure ManagementD. Conclusions
References
Chapter 8 Energy Sector Mitigation Options [PDF: 951 kb | 25 pages]
A. Introduction
B. Mitigation Options in the Energy Sector
C. Marginal Abatement Cost Curves
D. Conclusions
Appendix 1: Results by CountryCountry-specific Projections under Different Scenarios
Indonesia
The Philippines
Thailand
Viet NamAppendix 2
Country-specific Marginal Abatement Cost Curves in 2020
Indonesia
The Philippines
Thailand
Viet NamReferences
Part IV Policy Responses
Chapter 9 Climate Change Policy: A Review [PDF: 328 kb | 27 pages]
A. Introduction
B. National Policy and Actions in Southeast Asia
C. Global and Regional Initiatives
D. Financing Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Activities
E. Conclusions
References
Chapter 10 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations [PDF: 316 kb | 14 pages]
A. Climate Change and Its Impact in Southeast Asia
B. The Need for a Global Solution
C. What Should Southeast Asia Do?(i) Adaptation toward enhanced climate resilience
(ii) Mitigation toward a low-carbon economy
(iii) Funding, Technology Transfer, and International/Regional Cooperation
(v) Strengthening Government Policy Coordination
(vi) Undertaking more research on climate change-related issues
(vii) Turning the economic crisis into an opportunity
References